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四川高温“超长待机”,农作物如何“解渴”?

来源:614.scxinxi.com 更新时间:2026年03月08日

转自:四川在线

四川在线记者 阚莹莹

“热!”四川正在经历一次“超长待机”的高温天气过程。气象数据统计,7月底以来,四川盆地绝大部分区域出现日最高气温超过35℃的高温天气,部分区域日最高温超过40℃。

持续高温少雨,在田作物长势如何?8月4日,四川在线记者从多地了解到,当前正是大春作物的产量形成关键期,夏玉米、水稻陆续抽穗扬花,高温正在威胁部分区域作物长势。

水稻扬花、玉米灌浆

高温威胁部分区域大春作物

“期盼一场透雨!”这几天,广安市广安区霖聚农机服务专业合作社负责人周勇忙着往水稻田抽水抗旱。合作社2000亩水稻田正值灌浆期,持续高温不利于水稻灌浆,尤其是水源条件较差的地块,需要持续灌水促进灌浆。

持续高温对还未抽穗扬花的水稻影响较小,但会明显影响正在扬花的水稻授粉,造成稻米产量品质下降。四川农业大学副教授陈勇告诉四川在线记者,当前川中、川南、川东稻区正处于抽穗扬花期。平原区域水源条件较好,受到高温影响较小,但丘陵山地等一些水源条件不好的区域需要提高警惕。陈勇提醒种植户,应对当前高温,种植户除了需要千方百计保证稻田水源外,可以及时施用磷酸二氢钾等肥料,增强水稻抗逆能力。

同样接受“烤验”的还有正在抽穗扬花的夏玉米。眉山天府新区龙马镇,这几天,五谷园水稻种植专业合作社负责人李棚一边收割300亩夏玉米,一边给500亩夏玉米浇水降温。今年6月的高温,一定程度影响了合作社春玉米平均产量。“夏玉米产量必须要保证了。”李棚说,大雨来临之前,持续浇水才能保证夏玉米的产量,减少损失。

尽管周勇的部分稻田产量受到影响,但农业保险能挽回部分损失。今年,周勇为合作社的水稻全部购买了农业保险。按照赔付条款,每亩产量损失50%以上,就能赔付1100元。

四川在线记者从四川省农业农村厅了解到,当前,四川正组织1.2万名农技人员、3.4万个社会化服务组织入户到田,指导农户因苗施策做好田间管理,促进大春作物灌浆结实。

黄瓜采收、柑橘膨果

经济作物产量受损

除了粮食作物,经济作物同样经受“烤验”。

“覆盖遮阳网、一早一晚不断浇水,尽量减少今年耙耙柑种植损失。”8月4日,眉山市丹棱县晚熟柑橘种植大户郭海告诉四川在线记者,当前正是晚熟柑橘膨果期,持续高温将造成柑橘灼伤,今年耙耙柑日灼果普遍已经超过5%。果园正在通过覆盖遮阳网、浇水的方式,减少柑橘日灼和失水。

高温还影响了蔬菜的产量和价格。在广汉市垦丰果蔬种植专业合作社,生菜采收工人每日凌晨2点开工,上午9点准时收工,两天能采收1万斤生菜。高温让正常亩产3500公斤的生菜产量降低了30%。“不过,产量下降后,价格有所上涨。”合作社负责人黄达安介绍。当前生菜批发价为4元一斤,比正常价格高出1元左右。

除了生菜,高温还影响了正值采收季的茄果类蔬菜。乐山市沙湾区嘉农镇蔬菜种植户祝伟强告诉四川在线记者,当前正是农场40亩黄瓜采收期,正常亩产3000公斤到3500公斤的黄瓜,产量下降了40%。此外,当前也正是新一批茄子移栽期。“温度太高,茄苗不能移栽。这批次茄子的生长周期打乱,后续产量也会受到影响。”

四川省农业科学院园艺研究所研究员梁根云提醒,应对高温,正值成熟的瓜类茄果类蔬菜要及时采收,还不能采收的蔬菜可以利用覆盖遮阳网等手段防止日灼和减少蒸腾。

不过,根据四川省气象台预报,8月7日至9日,全省有一次明显降雨过程。各地种植户均表示,此次降雨过程将为农作物旱情带来一定程度的缓解。

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